Posts Tagged ‘sources’

Media, TIP, and Allegation Laundering

Sunday, April 8th, 2012

The Punjab government finds itself on the wrong side of Transparency International Pakistan (TIP) due to the controversial laptop scheme. According to multiple media reports, TIP Advisor Syed Adil Gilani has written a letter to provincial secretary of the Punjab Planning and Development Department requesting investigation of possible violation of Punjab Procurement Rules, 2009 and a loss of at least Rs. 1.7 billion to the exchequer. What caught our attention, though, was Mr Adil Gilani’s evidence: “allegations reported in the print media”.

The allegations referred to by TIP appears to be a report by Adnan Adil in Daily Times that raises some questions about the provincial government’s laptop scheme. But the original report itself actually raises some questions also. For example, how did Adnan Adil discover this information? According to his article he was told by anonymous ‘sources’.

Whether or not the allegations are true we do not know. What interests us is another side to this story – how the allegations have been ‘laundered’ in the media.

The original reporter Adnan Adil appears to have simply taken the claims of his mysterious ‘sources’ and published them as facts. TIP Advisor Adil Gilani then took the unsourced report and used it as the basis of a letter requesting an investigation. The media then took TIP’s letter and published new reports with sensational headlines like, ‘TIP smells Rs 1.7b rat in free laptop scheme’. What started out as unverified claims of mysterious ‘sources’ has now become a TIP anti-corruption campaign, even though it is no such thing – it remains a collection of unverified claims by unknown ‘sources’.

What has happened is essentially ‘allegation laundering’, similar to the way criminals engage in money laundering. Criminals don’t want the source of their funds to be known, so they create ‘shell’ companies that they invest in. These fake companies then turn around and invest the money in some legitimate scheme, and the proceeds of that investment appear to be legitimate even though they actually originated from criminal activity.

In this case, unverified claims from unknown sources were reported, then repeated by a known organisation, then reported again as being the concerns of the known organisation. Like the laundered money, their true source remains hidden.

Allegations are easy to make, and the media is filled with all types of claims. Some of us still remember when the Supreme Court called emergency hearings based on ‘allegations reported in the media’. Laundered allegations can never truly be clean. When these claims come from mysterious and unknown ‘sources’, it is the responsibility of journalists to ask whether they are being led by the nose in the pursuit of some agenda.

Conspiracy Alert: Tall Buildings or Tall Tales?

Friday, March 23rd, 2012

It is hard not to take notice of the bold headline on the front page of The Nation on Friday: US setting up for Pak sneak-in. Are we on the verge of an American invasion? Should we be strengthening the borders and preparing for war? Or is this the latest case of media war hysteria and the well-worn drum of anti-american paranoia?

The first hint we have is the name of the reporter who filed this sensational story. Actually, the hint comes from the fact that the reporter has no name. Let’s next look at the names of the sources for the information in the report:

  • “it is said”
  • “knowledgeable sources say”
  • “According to sources”
  • “Observers say”
  • “It is said”
  • “It is learnt”
  • “sources say”

Here we have a front page report in The Nation written by no one that makes sensational claims about a threat to the national security based on information provided by no one.

Now let us examine the claims made by these ghosts.

According to the report, America’s plans for the period after their withdrawal from Afghanistan is to “sneak in” to Pakistan. And how is it planning to sneak in? The report claims that the US is adding new levels to its Embassy in Islamabad. We have no way of knowing if the US plans to expand the size of its Embassy here, but we do think this has got to be the least sneaky way of expanding its footprint in the nation.

Actually, the threat of this supposed Embassy expansion is curious itself. According to the anonymous reporter’s anonymous sources, “having nine levels enables the US snoopers to overlook most of the ministries and government offices’ buildings, including the Parliament House, the Presidency and the PM Secretariat.”

Secret CIA plan to spy on Pakistan by looking out tall windows

The Americans are sneaking in to build a taller Embassy so they can look out the window into government offices? This is the CIA’s greatest strategy to spy on Pakistan? Mashallah! We are saved!

Jokes aside, there are real threats to our national security, and these should be reported honestly and objectively so that the people understand why military and civilian leaders take the decisions that they do to protect the country. Filing silly anonymous reports about American conspiracies to build a taller Embassy so they can peek into government offices and publishing these reports as real news stories spreads confusion and conspiracies as the people are unsure what the real threats are and what are simply tall tales.

Abbas Nasir on Journalism Ethics

Thursday, January 26th, 2012

HoshMedia has done a great service to media. They sat down with respected veteran journalist Abbas Nasir (Dawn) to talk about fundamentals of good journalism including the difference between opinion and fact, properly using anonymous sources and intelligence sources, and avoiding traps in the ratings race during times of tragedy. The advice in these short videos is excellent, and can really be summed up in one important reminder: As a journalist, your obligation is to the truth, not any particular agenda. But don’t take our word for it, we’ll let Abbas Nasir tell it:

News vs. Opinion

Conflict of Interest

Quoting Anonymous Sources

Intelligence Sources

The Ratings Race in times of Tragedy

How did Ansar Abbasi get access to Musharraf’s private accounts?

Sunday, January 8th, 2012

musharraf

In a detailed front page story of The News on Sunday, Ansar Abbasi asks, ‘How did Musharraf become a billionaire?’ While questions about the source of Gen Musharraf’s personal fortune are legitimate, they typically focus on public information – how was he able to afford his London home? What is his current source of income? But Ansar Abbasi points to new information about Musharraf’s personal wealth, and it is not only the information, but how Ansar Abbasi was able to access it that raises troubling questions.

In his article, Ansar Abbasi spends no less than nine paragraphs listing details of Gen Musharraf’s personal accounts with banks and trading accounts in UAE. Not only does Ansar Abbasi list the amounts each account contains, but the account numbers themselves. All of this information is attributed, as usual, to “a source”.

Musharraf has announced that he will return to Pakistan this month to participate in the next parliamentary elections. The question must be asked who would have access to such private financial information as overseas bank accounts, including their account numbers and amounts? And why would those with access to this information be interested in revealing it to Ansar Abbasi? Is it merely a coincidence that Ansar Abbasi’s “source” has revealed this information at this time? Or is Abbasi’s article intended as blackmail to prevent a politician from participating in elections?

This blog has no way of knowing whether the information provided by Ansar Abbasi is true or false. If it is true, we also have no way of knowing where the money came from – whether from looting the national treasury as seems to be implied by the article, or from legitimate sources such as book sales and speaking fees. It is in the public interest to know that politicians are not building personal wealth through corruption, but it is also in the public interest to know how such private information becomes public. Ansar Abbasi does not need to reveal the name of his anonymous source, but it may be in the public interest to know whether his source is an employee of the bank – which is the bank’s concern, or an employee of some other organization – which may be a concern to democracy.

Who is John S Hamilton?

Wednesday, January 4th, 2012

John S HamiltonThat was the question that buzzed on Twitter Tuesday as people tried to figure out the identity of the author of a front page story “Special to The News” that is supposed to be by ‘John S Hamilton’ of Woodbridge, Virginia, USA.

At first glance, the article, ‘Understanding the DNA of a BlackBerry set’ appears to be a technical look at how BlackBerry chats can be traced. But as one reads through the piece, something seems very, very off.

The first clue that something was strange was that, despite being an unknown foreigner, this ‘John S Hamilton’ was published on the front page of The News and Daily Jang with no bio or explanation of his qualifications. But that’s really the least of it.

In the second paragraph, the supposed Mr ‘John S Hamilton’ argues that the court’s ability to obtain data from Research in Motion (RIM)…

…will be the key determining factor in whether memogate is consigned to the dustbin of history or is the hammer that nails the coffin shut of those who stand accused of committing such heinous crimes against the state.

“Hammer that nails the coffin shut”? “Such heinous crimes against the state”? This struck many as odd that an American would have such emotional feelings about the case. Reuters journalist Myrae Macdonald reacted on Twitter saying “whoever wrote it needs 2b reminded to avoid giveaway phrases like “such heinous crimes”. Sloppy.” and that “hot on the heels of the Deepak Chopra interview with MI. It all looks very amateur.”

And then there’s the section of the piece supposedly by Mr ‘John S Hamilton’ that admits that even though BBM chats can be faked, nobody would do it because they would not want to get caught.

As a desperate act of last resort, is it possible that BB chat exchanges could be created, existing ones distorted or modified, or even permanently deleted from RIM servers?

Experts interviewed for this article said all were possible, but highly unlikely given the stakes of being discovered as evidence tampering.

Who are the ‘experts interviewed for this article’? This is the first and only time they are mentioned. What are their qualifications? Who are they affiliated with? And how do these experts know what behaviour is likely or unlikely? Is this opinion based on data? Or just a ‘gut’ feeling?

Fasi Zaka noticed that some of the piece by Mr ‘John S Hamilton’ was plagiarised from an article by Daniel Tencer in The Huffington Post about the use of BlackBerry in last year’s London riots.

Here’s a paragraph from the piece supposedly by ‘John S Hamilton’:

RIM’s encrypted communications have ruffled feathers, particularly in repressive governments interested in stopping unwanted political speech. Several countries in the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, threatened to ban BlackBerry services altogether if RIM didn’t give them access to BB chat exchanges, ostensibly for “counter-terrorism purposes”.

And this is from the The Huffington Post article published last August:

RIM’s encrypted communications have ruffled more than a few feathers around the world, particularly among repressive governments interested in suppressing unwanted political speech.

Several countries in the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, threatened to ban the BlackBerry if RIM didn’t give them access to BlackBerry messages. RIM reportedly agreed to provide access.

We could not help but be reminded of a previous instance in which Jang ‘Editor Special Reporting’ Muhammad Saleh Zaafir defended his use of paragraphs copied from Wikipedia by saying they were provided to him by “highly placed defence sources”. Could it be that Mr ‘John S Hamilton’ will also pray his innocence by saying that parts of his article were provided by “highly placed defence sources”?

Of course, the piece also appeared the same day on the front page of Daily Jang for Urdu readers. It is unknown if Mr ‘John S Hamilton’, in addition to being very concerned about ‘heinous crimes against the state’ is also fluent in Urdu, or if he had someone translate the piece for him. Perhaps the Jang editor who approved this piece can kindly inform us?

Unfortunately, this is not the first time that Jang has published articles which appear intended to influence the outcome of the memo case that is presently sub judice in the Supreme Court. Some of these articles have been by suspected political operatives, but now the largest media group is publishing pieces about the case by mysterious foreigners?

This mystery raises several important questions:

1. Who is ‘John S Hamilton’?

2. What are his qualifications for writing a technical article about BlackBerry?

3. How did he come to write for The News? Who solicited his piece?

4. Does he have any relationship with either Mansoor Ijaz, Husain Haqqani, or any other figure involved in the memo case?

5. Did ‘John S Hamilton’ write the full piece himself, or did anyone add anything such as ‘heinous crimes against the state’ or the sentences ‘borrowed’ from the Huffington Post article?

6. Why does Mr ‘John S Hamilton’ take such a keen interest in the memo case, and why does he have such strong opinions about the possibility of ‘heinous crimes against the state’

7. Was the piece by Mr ‘John S Hamilton’ intended to influence an issue that is presently sub judice?

It would be most appreciated if Jang Group would clarify the answers to these questions.

The other casualty of ‘memogate’

Saturday, December 3rd, 2011

Farah Zia provides an excellent review of the way media handled the ‘memogate’ story as it broke. Now that the Supreme Court has begun hearing petitions on the case, it becomes even more important that media play its role of reporting facts and not intentionally or unintentionally influencing the outcome – an act that would negatively impact not only the people’s faith in journalism but in the very judiciary itself.

With the temperatures over the memo case having cooled a bit, this may be a good time to see how the media conducted itself in the whole affair. In fact, media is central to the entire controversy, if not indeed an active partner, beginning, of course, with a controversial article in the Financial Times on October 10. It was a startling revelation that ought to have come as a boon for a media-person anywhere. But the manner in which it was picked and presented in the next month-and-a-half to the Pakistani audience can be variously described as manipulative, sensational, unethical, agenda-driven and violating all norms of decent journalism.

Because of the ‘facts’ pouring in, in a chaotic manner, sometimes contradicting each other and not following any chronological scheme, there is no linear analysis possible. But to have a retrospective glance at all that was being published or televised is instructive. It is rather late when the Pakistani media at large got to know that the ISI chief Gen Shuja Pasha reportedly met with Mansoor Ijaz on Oct 22, 2011, but a section of the media apparently knew it as it happened. The analyses immediately after his ‘visit’ (Oct 26, 2011) spoke against the “mandated autocracy” that passed off as “elected democracy” because, note, “all the fact-finding” was over and those who mattered would now decide about the country’s future ruling structure.

Journalists taking notesSmart journalism, you would think, relying on excellent sources. But the truth is that it was a one-sided story that relied on Mansoor Ijaz’s words as the ultimate truth. The Financial Times, it was assumed and said, must have checked its facts before it published Ijaz’s Op-ed. And, so his words were blown up into a crisis where all depended on how the defenders of national security were going to react to it. Because here ‘treason’ had been committed and the accused — two people in particular, openly named — deserved to be punished under nothing less than Article 6 of the constitution. This was followed by a subtle direction from the media to the non-democratic forces to move in and remove the ‘corrupt’ and ‘incompetent’ government.

Once the tone was set, the belligerent content followed. Very smoothly, the term ‘Memogate’ got invented and was owned by the media.

Interestingly, some parts of the media are now raising questions that ought to have been raised before Ambassador Haqqani’s head got rolled. Who was Mansoor Ijaz, what has been his past role and why did he do what he did? If he was undertaking a secret operation, why did he feel the need to come out in the open and disclose it, especially when he claims the ambassador was a ‘friend’? Why did he decide to meet the ISI chief and share all ‘evidence’ with him when he had written a scathing critique of the ISI only twelve days back? Yes, the media is equally guilty of not letting the common people know that this was the subject of his FT column titled ‘Time to take on Pakistan’s Jihadist Spies’ and not the memo itself.

It is with the benefit of hindsight that the media has exposed Imran Khan who put a name to “senior Pakistani diplomat” in the FT column as he thundered against Hussain Haqqani in his famous Oct 30 rally in Lahore. How did he know it when none else did?

Some have hinted at the absurdity of the DG ISI meeting the accuser without his boss’s (the PM’s) permission but no one mentions the word ‘treason’. How one wished to see an article or a small package on the way words like ‘treason’ and ‘anti-state’ have been played out in our context and who were the people booked under those charges.

In this entire episode, all that the ‘whistle-blowers’ have achieved is an acceptance that there is a monopoly of one institution over national security issues and that the media won’t question it. One might see contrary views in the days and months to come but the whistle-blowers have already achieved what they were mandated to or at least just short of that.

Newsweek Pakistan Shows How To Start A Rumour

Tuesday, November 22nd, 2011

Newsweek Pakistan shows us how easily media can start rumours. Following the resignation of Ambassador Husain Haqqani on Tuesday, Newsweek Pakistan posted the following on Twitter.

Screen shot 2011-11-22 Newsweek PakistanA few minutes later, Newsweek Pakistan posted again, clarifying that they were unable to verify the claims of their anonymous source.

Screen shot 2011-11-22 Newsweek Pakistan 2While it is good that Newsweek Pakistan clarified their report, it will make little difference as can easily be seen from the number of re-Tweets. At least 20 people spread the unverified rumour, while as few as 5 passed on the clarification. In what looks like a rush to get a ‘scoop’, Newsweek Pakistan may have started a wildfire of inaccurate information. At the very least, they have added to an environment of confusion.

Being the first to report a lie is far worse than being second to report a fact. It is much more important that news reports be correct than they be fast. Newsweek Pakistan needs to exercise restraint and only report items once they have been verified.

Hidden Hands in Pak Media

Sunday, November 20th, 2011

MI

A flurry of interesting pieces have begun to appear in the media today, all reporting about a secret meeting between DG ISI Shuja Pasha and Mansoor Ijaz in a London hotel room last month. While PMW is in no place to question the information presented in the news reports, we are troubled by many of the questions raised about the origin of these reports, and what that says about the “news” we are being fed.

Newsweek Pakistan quotes a source “who was privy to the meeting”. What source would be privy to a meeting between DG ISI and Mansoor Ijaz in a London hotel, I wonder? Probably not room service. The News (Jang Group) says that its story is based on “highly classified information obtained by The News”.

Newsweek Pakistan‘s piece certainly contain one of the funniest lines in recent memory. According to the reporter, Fasih Ahmed, his source “spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of offending the general”. And what did he say that he was so worried may offend the General? “Pasha seemed like an intellectually-sound man and while he grimaced and looked shocked at times, he did not give away how he intended to proceed, if at all, with the information provided to him.” Was this “source” really worried that describing a General as “an intellectually-sound man” would be risky?

PMW does not have access to “highly classified information”, nor do we have access to any sources with access to DG ISI’s private meetings in London hotel rooms (or anywhere else, for that matter). So we cannot comment on whether these reports are factually correct. We only comment on them here to raise the question of whether these news reports are based on information provided by a neutral source, or if they are provided by state agencies themselves.

If a neutral source has access to the DG ISI’s private meetings, we as a nation should be quite worried about our national security. On the other hand, if the agencies are providing the information to reporters themselves, why not do so openly?

ISPR is the official channel for communicating with the public. If the agencies are bypassing the official communication channels to provide information to reporters, it raises the question whether the intent of the leaked information is to inform or to influence. Provided the facts, we should be allowed to make up our own minds. We do not need hidden hands writing a script for us.

“No Information”

Saturday, November 12th, 2011

The News (Jang Group)Ansar Abbasi is back to his old tricks on Friday with an article for The News, ‘Foreign Office has no information if any expelled US official is now back’. The title of Abbasi’s latest piece says it all: “no information”. Nevermind that he had no information, Ansar Abbasi can always rely on conspiracy theories and political attacks to meet his deadline.

In researching his story, Ansar Abbasi spoke to officials at ISPR and Foreign Office, none of whom gave the Jang Group yellow journalist the dirt that he desired.

While the ISPR did not respond to The News questions about the return of the US officials or regarding the president’s statement as quoted by the US congressmen, the Foreign Office when approached said that it has no information about the return of many of those US officials who had left the country early this year.

Ansar Abbasi was undeterred by his inability to get any damning evidence about a new invasion of American agents from legitimate sources, and turned to his old reliable friends, unnamed “informed sources”. Could it be these are the same unnamed sources that the judiciary has termed ‘incorrigible liars’? It is certainly telling that he did not even bother to name these as ‘official sources’.

After desperately writing paragraph after paragraph containing “no information”, Ansar Abbasi concludes his piece with an attack on the government completely unrelated to the rest of his article.

However, the Gilani regime that is known worldwide for corruption and bad governance has yet to show any sign of improvement. Instead the state institutions are fast collapsing amid unconfirmed reports that the organisations like PIA are being deliberately pushed to death to pave the way for the launching of a new airlines to be owned by some top rulers and possibly named as Indus Airlines.

Even this unrelated conspiracy is based on “unconfirmed reports”. It seems that Ansar Abbasi cannot get anyone to provide any evidence for any of his conspiracy theories. Of course, none of this would be a problem if Ansar Abbasi would conduct objective research and report facts rather than inventing conspiracies and reporting anonymous rumours.

Despite having no information to report, The News published Abbasi’s piece at the top of page 2 as ‘National News’.

Trust, but verify

Friday, November 4th, 2011

We have written before about the problem of an unquestioning media either intentionally or unintentionally presenting information as facts that is actually carefully managed propaganda. This comes in many forms, from reporters embedded with intelligence agencies, to analysts picking and choosing evidence to support a predetermined conclusion. to journalists simply repeating what they are told without verifying the claims made by their sources. A recent report by The New York Times shows why journalists must always investigate and verify the claims of their sources, even if they consider them trustworthy.

The New York Times report by C.J. Chivers examines claims made during the fighting in Libya by a doctor and others. The journalists’ sources made some claims about fighters that, when fact checked, turned out to be false.

How often do we hear our own journalists and anchors make statements such as, “We don’t need an inquiry, I am telling it is true!” Or, “This information has come from a source at the highest levels!”. Whether the information confirms the anchors personal beliefs or the source is a person of great respect, facts are facts – even when they are inconvenient. Journalists can trust their sources, but we still have the responsibility to verify what we are told and not simply act as parrots who repeat without question.

Whether this happens as the result of bias on the part of the journalist or on the other hand an attempt by the journalist to remain neutral, the end result is the same – the public is misled and their conclusions are based on incorrect information. If we are going to successfully address the issues facing our nation, we must be armed with facts, not lies and conspiracies. For this to happen, we need journalists who are willing to verify what their sources tell them before passing along to the public.